The magnetic force of magnets

The magnetic force found in a magnet refers to the residual effect of the magnetic force between moving charges.

The unit in the international system that refers to the magnetic force in a magnetic field is the tesla (T). In contrast, the strength of a magnetic field in a magnet is measured in gauss, as the unit is smaller

When we talk about the strength of magnets, we refer to magnetism. Magnetism is produced by the chargedmovement of electrons. These electrons can generate magnetism in two different ways.

• By transition, it makes an orbital motion that circles around the nucleus.

• By rotation, the electron moves on its own axis.

The magnetic force of the magnets, in the case where the velocity is perpendicular to the magnetic field, is obtained from the following formula.

Force = charge · velocity · field B

The direction of the magnetic force and the right-hand rule

To know the direction of a magnetic field in a magnet, we must know the direction of the lines of magnetic force. We can obtain two versions of the right-hand rule:

1. The first version of the right hand

The law of the right hand is used to know the two types of direction, both the linear direction and the rotational direction. This rule consists of placing the first three fingers in the following position:

• The index finger indicates the direction of the first vector of the vector product, this is represented by the symbol vector of u. By rotation, the electron moves about its own axis.

• The middle finger (placed in the middle) refers to the second vector located in the vector v. By rotation, the electron moves on its own axis.

• The thumb defines the direction and sense of this vector product. By rotation, the electron moves about its own axis.

2. The second version of the right hand

• Place your right hand in the same way so that the fingers are in the same direction as the first vector of the vector product of u. By rotation, the electron moves about its own axis.

• By closing the hand the fingers will tell us the direction of the second vector of the vector product of u. At the moment when the hand is closed, we get the angle or distance between the vectors, which is smaller. By rotation, the electron moves on its own axis.

• Finally, the thumb tells us the direction and direction of the vector product.