To clarify what
hysteresis is, we must first look at the term itself. The hysteresis comes from
the Greek histeros (ὕστερος),
which can be translated as "posterior". Hysteresis is translated into
German as "aftereffect".
This is exactly
what hysteresis is all about. Therefore, a general definition of the term is:
"It is the tendency of a material to
retain one of its properties, in the absence of the stimulus that has generated
it".
Consequently,
the principle of hysteresis can be applied to a wide variety of areas, from
electronic phenomena to economic phenomena and ferromagnetism.
What is magnetic product hysteresis?
Ferromagnetic
materials can be magnetically charged by external magnetic fields. This
magnetisation increases much faster than it decreases when the external
magnetic field is switched off again.
It is precisely
this effect that we owe to hysteresis,
which is measured by the hysteresis curve. The magnetic force that remains when
the external magnetic field is completely off is what we call remanence.
Let's look at an
example of a non-magnetized ferromagnetic material.
For example,
through an electric coil, we can magnetize this material. The external magnetic
field is denoted (H) and the resulting magnetic field inside is the magnetic flux density (B). Here
we are dealing with two variables, the magnetic field strength (H) and the
magnetic flux density (B), with hysteresis being the relationship between the
two.
If both values
were previously at zero, i.e. the coil has not yet been electrified and the
material to be magnetized does not yet have its own magnetic energy, a
hysteresis curve is formed, which we call the new curve. As the magnetic field
strength (H) gradually increases, the magnetic flux density (B) slowly
increases at first and eventually reaches a saturation point. Even if (H)
increases more, (B) will not increase more.
Consequently,
the external magnetic field can be deactivated again and the intensity of the
newly created magnetic field will not decrease with the same speed, but only
gradually, since we are now talking about the remanence of the material to be
magnetized.
Now there are
different hysteresis curves: the soft one and the hard one. Soft magnets have
narrower curves, smaller remanence and coercive field forces. In contrast, with
hard magnets we can observe wider curves, as well as higher remanence values
and coercive field forces.
The topic of
hysteresis is extensive and can be seen from both the physical and mathematical
sides. In this article, however, we initially wanted to clarify the basic
principle and general definition of hysteresis. If you have further questions,
you can contact us at any time and our experts will be happy to help you.
Maxwell's equations
Electric and magnetic charges are closer to each other than some might have thought. Maxwell's 4 equations describe exactly this fact. That is, the generation and therefore also the size or strength of the magnetic and electric fields. They were defined by James Clerk Maxwell in 1864 and still provide the basis for electrodynamics today.
Maxwell's equations are a summary of
Ampere's law, Faraday's law of induction, Gaussian law combined with an
addition for Maxwell's displacement current. Maxwell's equations are therefore
an extremely complete theory that has been experimentally tested to provide a
solid foundation for the whole.
One can imagine that both electric
and magnetic fields influence each other in an electromagnetic wave. Now there
are the independent and time-dependent Maxwell equations.
The time-independent equations are based on a given static charge and currents in the approximate airspace. Electric fields and magnetic flux density are described with these basic requirements. This means that an electric field has sources and sinks called positive and negative charges. So-called field lines emanate from these.
In this case, the strength of the
electric field is as strong as the charge. When this electric field is active,
the currents cause vortices that activate the magnetic flux density or magnetic
field. The strength of this field is also the same as in the included current.
In addition to the factors of the
time-independent equations, the time-dependent equations also contain, as their
name suggests, electric and magnetic fields that vary over time. This
interferes with a time-varying magnetic flux density acting on the electric
field. It causes additional vertebrae.
Conversely, the same is true of
eddies in the magnetic field that originate in the electric field. Here the
interaction between these two factors becomes clear.
Maxwell's four equations can be summarized as:
1.Maxwell's equation - flood flow law
red H = D + j
red = rotation
H = magnetic field strength
D = electrical flux density
j = current density
2.Maxwell's equation - Law of induction
red E = - B
red = rotation
B = magnetic flux density
E = electric field strength
3.Maxwell's Equation - Electrical Source
div D = q
div = divergence
D = electrical flux density
q = electric space charge density
4.Maxwell's Equation - Magnetic Source
div B = 0
div = divergence
B = magnetic flux density
Injected plastics and the production of plastic injection moulded parts
Injected plastics are parts that would be manufactured using injection moulds. The advantage is that these parts are completely customized and can therefore be created for a wide variety of applications.
At IMA we offer exactly this service
to our customers. Thanks to our experience, we can advise our clients from the
beginning and meet their requirements. When it comes to producing injected
plastics, we first sit down with our customers and let them explain their needs
to us. With this information, the project is analysed by our experts and we
produce a 3D simulation of the planned plastic injection moulding. If it meets
the customer's expectations, we go on to manufacture the mould with the shape
of the injected plastic parts to be created.
In this case there are two options. The customer can order only the injection molds because he produces the injected plastics himself, or he can also order moulds plus manufacture of the plastic parts. Both variants are offered by IMA.
What are the advantages of injected plastic parts?
This manufacturing method is very
advantageous for several reasons such as:
Not
only the shape, but also the material used to make the pieces you want can be
customized to meet your needs. For example, different plastics can be injected,
including: thermoplastics, polymers and polyamides.
Plastic
injection is an extremely economical method of production. Even if the desired
parts have a complex structure, they only need to be produced once for the
prototype and with this, an infinite number of parts can be produced in the
same way without further problems. This means a saving in time and
money.
In
addition, the desired parts, however complicated they may be, are produced in a
single manufacturing step. This significantly reduces the error rate. It is
more important that the injection mould is manufactured under strict controls
to produce perfect parts afterwards.
The
injected plastic can be produced in a fully automated manufacturing process,
which saves additional costs and labor.
Unlimited
number of parts can be produced quickly
Therefore, if you need injected
plastics or want to use an injection mould in your production process, you can
contact our team of experts and get advice without obligation.
IMA
Injection Mold Manufacturer
Injection moulding technology is a
manufacturing method with which parts can be produced in a variety of ways for
all industries. In this process, the plastic is liquefied and put into a mould.
As soon as the plastic has cooled and hardened again, it can be removed from
the mold and the part is ready for use.
The advantage of these injection moulds is that they can be manufactured individually and offer an economical solution for producing many identical parts relatively quickly. For this reason, it is important that the injection mould used to manufacture the finished parts is of the highest quality so that the production process runs smoothly and also delivers high quality parts as a final product.
How are injection molds made at IMA?
At IMA, we specialize in the production of injection molds. This means that, on the one hand, we have the most modern machines that are necessary for this process and, on the other hand, we can count on the experience of trained personnel, which guarantees the quality of our products.
The process used is:
The customer explains to us all the
details of the project, what he needs the pieces for and what shape he
imagines. With this information, we create a 3D design to present to the client
and compare if it meets their needs. When this process is completed, we start
producing a prototype for the injection mould.
We care about choosing the best
materials and guarantee a constant control and revision of the process. This is
how we ensure that the injection mould is finished smoothly and in perfect
condition. During this process, we offer total transparency and let the client
participate and be involved from the beginning.
Finished injection molds can be used
to easily manufacture individual parts for a wide variety of industries. This
saves costs and guarantees a smooth production process, ensuring that each part
is identical.
If you also need injection moulds or plastic injected parts, you can contact our specialized staff at any time and get good advice.
If you have any questions or want more information about any of our products or services, fill out and send us the following questionnaire and we will attend you as soon as possible.
Contact Us
If you have any questions or want more information about any of our products or services, fill out and send us the following questionnaire and we will attend you as soon as possible.
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