Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism is a property possessed by some materials which are attracted into the magnetic field. A ferromagnetic material is a material that has ferromagnetism which is attracted to magnets. Ferromagnetic elements are characterized by their magnetization which is supported by magnetic fields and remains magnetized even if the field is canceled.

In the same way, ferromagnetic minerals are attracted by a magnet, these minerals can be magnetized and become a magnet (natural or artificial) These types of materials can be magnetized quickly and retain their magnetization for a long period of time. In addition, one of the advantages they have is the ease with which the dipoles can be altered.

In 1907, Wess gained that knowledge when they examined the magnetic moments of atoms. According to the theory of Frenchman Pierre-Ernest Weiss ferromagnetic solid consists of a large number of small regions, or domains, in each of which all atomic or ionic magnetic moments are aligned. In a direction of uniform magnetization within a domain.

How does ferromagnetism work?

Ferromagnetism works by presenting this type of material to an intense magnetic field. Consequently, with this, we get an alignment in the same direction as the ferromagnetism core.

The materials with these characteristics areiron, cobalt, and nickel. Within these three the one that has more weight is iron, which response to the magnetic field that at the same time is being applied to it as well as to its internal configuration.

Ferromagnetism is referred to as the property of relative magnetic permeability greater than 1. The relative permeability can be known by the following fraction:

- μ = absolute permeability coefficient of a particular medium.

- μ0 = vacuum permeability

Materials have a limit temperature, which if exceeded couldlose their ferromagnetic properties. The temperature of these magnetic elements is called Curie temperature.

What are the uses and applications of ferromagnetism?

The applications of composite materials with ferromagnetic particles today are as:

• Household appliances: they are found in kitchen appliances, whether induction hobs or frying pans.

• Medical field: used to manufacture pacemakers, implants, and defibrillators.

• Technological field: they are found in cell phone headsets that use electromagnets.

• Industrial field: used in electric motors and transformers.